GENERAL SCIENCE PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS GRADE 10 PART 2.

CELL BIOLOGY & MICROSCOPY

Instructions: Use your knowledge of the cell and laboratory instruments to answer.

51. What is the basic functional unit of all living organisms?
    • Answer: The cell.
52. Distinguish between unicellular and multicellular organisms.
    • Answer: Unicellular organisms are made of a single cell; multicellular organisms are made of many cells working together.
53. Compare the magnification of a Light Microscope vs. an Electron Microscope.
    • Answer: Light Microscopes magnify up to 1,500 times, while Electron Microscopes can magnify up to millions of times.
54. Which microscope allows for the observation of living specimens?
    • Answer: The Light Microscope.
55. Explain why a vacuum is necessary for an Electron Microscope.
    • Answer: It is required for the electron beam to travel effectively.
56. What is the resolution of a typical Light Microscope?
    • Answer: Approximately 200 nm.
57. Name the organelle responsible for energy production.
    • Answer: Mitochondrion.
58. What is the function of the Nucleus?
    • Answer: It acts as the control center of the cell.
59. Identify the jelly-like substance that fills the cell.
    • Answer: Cytoplasm.
60. What is the role of Ribosomes?
    • Answer: They are the sites for protein synthesis.
61. Contrast the images produced by Light and Electron Microscopes.
    • Answer: Light microscopes create colored images using light; electron microscopes create black and white images using electron beams.
62. What organelle is responsible for breaking down waste?
    • Answer: Lysosome.
63. What structure surrounds the nucleus?
    • Answer: The nuclear membrane.
64. Describe the role of the Golgi apparatus.
    • Answer: It is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.
65. What is the primary difference between Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
    • Answer: Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface; Smooth ER does not.
66. What is a centrosome used for?
    • Answer: It is an organelle involved in cell division.
67. Define microbiology.
    • Answer: The study of microorganisms.
68. Name a storage organelle found in animal cells.
    • Answer: Vacuole.
69. Which microscope uses electromagnets for focusing?
    • Answer: The Electron Microscope.
70. Why are light microscopes preferred for basic classroom use?
    • Answer: They are relatively inexpensive, portable, and easy to operate.